<\/p>\n

• 19 May\u0131s’a do\u011fru ad\u0131m ad\u0131m<\/a><\/li>
• O ilk ad\u0131m – 19 May\u0131s\u2019a do\u011fru<\/a><\/li>
• Anadolu Ajans\u0131, Sinan Meydan<\/a><\/li>
• 19 MAYIS KUTLAMALARI \u00d6\u011eRETMEN KONU\u015eMA METN\u0130<\/a><\/li>
• \u015eEYH SA\u0130T \u0130SYANI VE DEVR\u0130M KANUNU<\/a><\/li>
• Cumhuriyetin Temel Ta\u015f\u0131 T\u00dcRK\u0130YE B\u00dcY\u00dcK M\u0130LLET MECL\u0130S\u0130<\/a><\/li>
• Kaderin T\u00fcrk Milletine y\u00fckledi\u011fi kutsal g\u00f6rev<\/a><\/li>
• Medine Kahraman\u0131 Fahrettin (T\u00fcrkkan) Pa\u015fa<\/a><\/li>
• Mustafa Kemal\u2019in Ordusunda Bir Alman Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131<\/a><\/li>
• KAHRAMANLIK \u00d6YK\u00dcLER\u0130<\/a><\/li>
• \u00c7OCUK KAHRAMANLAR<\/a><\/li>
• Halime \u00c7avu\u015f<\/a><\/li>
• G\u00d6N\u00dcLL\u00dc KAHRAMANLAR<\/a><\/li>
• Bitlis Defterdar\u0131n\u0131n E\u015fi<\/a><\/li>
• Nezahat Onba\u015f\u0131<\/a><\/li>
• Hatice Han\u0131m (K\u0131lavuz)<\/a><\/li>
• \u0130. Saime Han\u0131m (Asker)<\/a><\/li>
• YAHYA KAPTAN\u00a0(1891-1920)<\/a><\/li>
• HAFIZ SELMAN \u0130ZBEL\u0130<\/a><\/li>
• \u00c7ETE EM\u0130R AY\u015eE<\/a><\/li>
• Y\u00f6r\u00fck Ali Efe (1895 – 1951)<\/a><\/li>
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• SEY\u0130TGAZ\u0130L\u0130 KOCA MEM\u0130\u015e<\/a><\/li>
• G\u00d6RDESL\u0130 MAKBULE<\/a><\/li>
• KAHRAMAN KURMAY Y\u00dcZBA\u015eILAR<\/a><\/li>
• 9 NCU KAFKAS ALAYI<\/a><\/li>
• 8 NC\u0130 KAFKAS ALAYI<\/a><\/li>
• 70 NC\u0130 ALAY<\/a><\/li>
• ALBAY RE\u015eAT<\/a><\/li>
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• Y\u00dcZBA\u015eI FAHR\u0130, Y\u00dcZBA\u015eI AL\u0130 RIZA VE \u00dcSTE\u011eMEN MEHMET FEHM\u0130<\/a><\/li>
• Y\u00dcZBA\u015eI \u0130LHAM\u0130<\/a><\/li>
• Y\u00dcZBA\u015eI \u0130SMA\u0130L Z\u00dcHT\u00dc<\/a><\/li>
• Y\u00dcZBA\u015eI AHMET \u015e\u00dcKR\u00dc<\/a><\/li>
• Y\u00dcZBA\u015eI SAM\u0130, \u00dcSTE\u011eMEN HAMZA VE B\u00d6L\u00dcK PERSONEL\u0130<\/a><\/li>
• Y\u00dcZBA\u015eI AG\u00c2H<\/a><\/li>
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• ASTE\u011eMEN AHMET HAMD\u0130<\/a><\/li>
• YAZICI BA\u015e\u00c7AVU\u015e KEMAL (DEM\u0130RAY)<\/a><\/li>
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• ONBA\u015eI RAH\u0130ME\u2019N\u0130N D\u00d6V\u00dc\u015e\u00dc<\/a><\/li>
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• O\u011eLUNU U\u011eURLAYAN ANA<\/a><\/li>
• KURTKAYA MEVZ\u0130LER\u0130N\u0130N ELE GE\u00c7\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130<\/a><\/li>
• Y\u00dcZBA\u015eI AL\u0130\u2019N\u0130N \u015eEH\u0130T D\u00dc\u015eMES\u0130<\/a><\/li>
• K\u00dc\u00c7\u00dcK B\u0130R BELGEYE G\u0130ZLENEN Y\u00dcCEL\u0130K<\/a><\/li>
• ONBA\u015eI HAL\u0130DE ED\u0130P VE YARALI ASKERLER<\/a><\/li>
• KALEC\u0130KL\u0130 SAL\u0130H<\/a><\/li>
• S\u00dcVAR\u0130 H\u00dcCUMU VE Y\u00dcZBA\u015eI \u015eEK\u0130P<\/a><\/li>
• \u00dc\u00c7\u015eEH\u0130TLER TEPES\u0130<\/a><\/li>
• ER ABDURRAHMAN<\/a><\/li>
• HAT\u0130CE KADIN<\/a><\/li>
• TE\u011eMEN \u015eAH\u0130N<\/a><\/li>
• TAYYAR RAHM\u0130YE<\/a><\/li>
• KINALI HASAN\u00a0(1915)<\/a><\/li>
• KARA FATMA (Fatma Seher Erden) (1888-1955)<\/a><\/li>
• KARTAL TEPE VE BEYL\u0130KK\u00d6PR\u00dc SALDIRISI<\/a><\/li>
• TE\u011eMEN HAMD\u0130<\/a><\/li>
• \u00dcSTE\u011eMEN ZEK\u0130<\/a><\/li>
• YARBAY RIFAT BEY<\/a><\/li>
• ASTE\u011eMEN \u0130HSAN VE MEVL\u00dcT \u00c7AVU\u015e<\/a><\/li>
• YUNAN VAH\u015eET\u0130<\/a><\/li>
• ORDU – M\u0130LLET DAYANI\u015eMASI<\/a><\/li>
• Y\u00dcZBA\u015eI \u0130STANBULLU SA\u0130M BEY<\/a><\/li>
• Y\u00dcZBA\u015eI \u0130SMA\u0130L HAKKI (TEK\u00c7E) VE YARALI ER<\/a><\/li>
• ASTE\u011eMEN \u0130HSAN (M\u00dcDERR\u0130SO\u011eLU)<\/a><\/li>
• TE\u011eMEN BEK\u0130R SITKI<\/a><\/li>
• DARENDEL\u0130 MEHMET \u00c7AVU\u015e<\/a><\/li>
• KAMAN\u2019LI H\u00dcSEY\u0130N \u00c7AVU\u015e<\/a><\/li>
• P\u0130LOT VEC\u0130H\u0130 \u0130LE G\u00d6ZETLEY\u0130C\u0130 TE\u011eMEN BASR\u0130<\/a><\/li>
• MUCURLU HAL\u0130T ONBA\u015eI<\/a><\/li>
• SAFRANBOLULU \u015e\u00dcKR\u0130YE<\/a><\/li>
• HARUN \u00c7AVU\u015e\u2019UN Y\u0130\u011e\u0130TL\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/a><\/li>
• Te\u011fmen Salih Erce<\/a><\/li>
• Te\u011fmen Hulusi Atak<\/a><\/li>
• Seyit Onba\u015f\u0131 – Bir \u00c7anakkale destan\u0131<\/a><\/li>
• Hasan Tahsin – \u0130lk Kur\u015fun<\/a><\/li>
• Milli m\u00fccadelenin kahraman komutanlar\u0131<\/a><\/li>
• Sultanahmet mitingleri<\/a><\/li>
• T\u00fcrk Milleti’nin Direni\u015f Ruhu Kuvay\u0131 Milliye \/ Sinan MEYDAN<\/a><\/li>
• 19 May\u0131s ruhunu anlamak \/ Sinan MEYDAN<\/a><\/li>
• Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1922 gecesi konaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 oda<\/a><\/li>
• EBED\u0130 BA\u015eKOMUTAN \/ Sinan MEYDAN<\/a><\/li>
• B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz \/ Sinan MEYDAN<\/a><\/li>
• Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fc Samsun’a kimler, neden g\u00f6nderdi? \/ Sinan MEYDAN<\/a><\/li>
• T\u00fcrkiye’nin tapusu Lozan \/ Sinan MEYDAN<\/a><\/li>
• \u0130zmir’in da\u011flar\u0131nda a\u00e7an \u00e7i\u00e7ekler \/ Sinan MEYDAN<\/a><\/li>
• T\u00fcrk Milleti’ne suikast: Sevr \/ Sinan MEYDAN<\/a><\/li>
• Atat\u00fcrk evleri ve m\u00fczeleri<\/a><\/li>
• Birinci Maarif Kongresi (15 – 21 Temmuz 1921)<\/a><\/li>
• ‘Ne Muazzam Zaferdi O!’ B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz \/ Sinan MEYDAN<\/a><\/li>
• ‘Bozulmu\u015f d\u00fc\u015fman yel gibi ka\u00e7ar’ \u0130ZM\u0130R’\u0130N KURTULU\u015eU \/ Sinan MEYDAN<\/a><\/li>
• Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn yan\u0131ndaki m\u00fcft\u00fc: M. R\u0131fat B\u00f6rek\u00e7i<\/a><\/li>
• \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Bir Direni\u015f \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc; M\u0130M M\u0130M<\/a><\/li>
• Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn bas\u0131n toplant\u0131s\u0131<\/a><\/li>
• Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda \u0130stanbul Gizli Gruplar\u0131<\/a><\/li>
• Mustafa Kemal\u2019in Askeri Topkap\u0131l\u0131 Cambaz Mehmet<\/a><\/li>
• Cumhuriyetimiz \/ Sinan MEYDAN<\/a><\/li>
• Mustafa Sabri’nin ihanet dosyas\u0131 \/ Sinan MEYDAN<\/a><\/li>
• 23 Nisan nas\u0131l bayram oldu \/ Sinan MEYDAN<\/a><\/li>
• Dersim Yalanlar\u0131 ve Ger\u00e7ekleri (5), Sinan Meydan<\/a><\/li>
• Dersim Yalanlar\u0131 ve Ger\u00e7ekleri (4), Sinan Meydan<\/a><\/li>
• Dersim Yalanlar\u0131 ve Ger\u00e7ekleri (3), Sinan Meydan<\/a><\/li>
• Dersim Yalanlar\u0131 ve Ger\u00e7ekleri (2), Sinan Meydan<\/a><\/li>
• Dersim Yalanlar\u0131 ve Ger\u00e7ekleri\u00a0 (1), Sinan MEYDAN<\/a><\/li>
• Dersim katliam de\u011fil isyand\u0131r<\/a><\/li>
• Albay Re\u015fat \u00c7i\u011filtepe<\/a><\/li>
• \u0130stiklal Mar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdaki Kelimelerin Anlamlar\u0131<\/a><\/li>
• \u0130stiklal mar\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kabul s\u00fcreci<\/a><\/li>
• \u0130ST\u0130KLAL MAR\u015eI\u2019MIZIN KITALARININ ANLAMI NED\u0130R<\/a><\/li>
• Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl sadece \u0130zmir\u2019in kurtulu\u015fu de\u011fildir<\/a><\/li>
• \u0130stiklal Mar\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n Kabul\u00fc<\/a><\/li>
• Band\u0131rma vapuru ile Samsun\u2019a yolculu\u011fun hikayesi<\/a><\/li>
• ANLA\u015eMALAR<\/a><\/li>
• SAVA\u015eLAR<\/a><\/li>
• KONGRELER<\/a><\/li>
• AYAKLANMALAR<\/a><\/li>
• \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri<\/a><\/li>
• \u0130ngiliz casusu Lawrence<\/a><\/li>
• 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1922\u2019nin bilinmeyenleri<\/a><\/li>
• Atat\u00fcrk ve Cumhuriyet, Prof. Dr. Hamza Ero\u011flu<\/a><\/li>
• Nusrat May\u0131n Gemisi<\/a><\/li>
• Band\u0131rma Vapuru<\/a><\/li>
• Atat\u00fcrk ve iman<\/a><\/li>
• Amasya tamimi<\/a><\/li>
• \u0130l ve il\u00e7e Kurtulu\u015f G\u00fcnleri<\/a><\/li>
• Erzurum Kongresi ve al\u0131nan kararlar<\/a><\/li>
• Sivas kongresi ve al\u0131nan kararlar<\/a><\/li>
• Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn Sivas Kongresi\u2019ni A\u00e7arken konu\u015fmas\u0131<\/a><\/li>
• Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn Erzurum Kongresi\u2019ni Kaparken s\u00f6ylevi<\/a><\/li>
• Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn Erzurum Kongresi\u2019ni A\u00e7arken s\u00f6ylevi<\/a><\/li>
• MEHMET RIFAT B\u00d6REK\u00c7\u0130 VE ANADOLU FETVASI<\/a><\/li>
• D\u00fcrrizade Fetvas\u0131 (\u0130stanbul Fetvas\u0131)<\/a><\/li>
• \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mar\u015f\u0131m\u0131z<\/a><\/li>
• KOMPOZ\u0130SYONLAR<\/a><\/li>
• ATAT\u00dcRK\u2019\u00dcN \u0130LK MECL\u0130S KONU\u015eMASI<\/a><\/li>
• KURTULU\u015e SAVA\u015eI<\/a><\/li>
• Kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocuk kahramanlar\u0131<\/a><\/li>
• Kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kad\u0131n kahramanlar\u0131<\/a><\/li>
• Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele\u2019de Din Adamlar\u0131 ve Atat\u00fcrk<\/a><\/li>
• Menemen olay\u0131<\/a><\/li>
• Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e suikast giri\u015fimi<\/a><\/li>
• Sadabad Pakt\u0131n\u0131n Kurulmas\u0131<\/a><\/li>
• Hatay sorunu<\/a><\/li>
• Musul sorunu<\/a><\/li>
• Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (24 Temmuz 1923)<\/a><\/li>
• Mudanya Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (11 Ekim 1922)<\/a><\/li>
• Ankara Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (20 Ekim 1921)<\/a><\/li>
• Kars Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (13 Ekim 1921)<\/a><\/li>
• Moskova Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (16 Mart 1921)<\/a><\/li>
• Londra Konferans\u0131 (21 \u015eubat-12 Mart 1921)<\/a><\/li>
• G\u00fcmr\u00fc Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (3 Aral\u0131k 1920)<\/a><\/li>
• Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (10 A\u011fustos 1920)<\/a><\/li>
• San Remo Konferans\u0131 (18-26 Nisan 1920)<\/a><\/li>
• Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131 (18 Ocak 1919)<\/a><\/li>
• Kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131nda Bat\u0131 Cephesi<\/a><\/li>
• Kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131nda G\u00fcney Cephesi<\/a><\/li>
• Kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131nda Do\u011fu Cephesi<\/a><\/li>
• TBMM\u2019nin A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/a><\/li>
• Tekalifi Milliye Emirleri<\/a><\/li>
• Misak\u0131 Milli<\/a><\/li>
• Kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131nda ayaklanmalar<\/a><\/li>
• Ankara\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkent olu\u015fu<\/a><\/li>
• KUVAY\u0130 M\u0130LL\u0130YE<\/a><\/li>
• Kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131nda di\u011fer kongreler<\/a><\/li>
• Sivas Kongresi (4-11 Eyl\u00fcl 1919)<\/a><\/li>
• Erzurum Kongresi (23 Temmuz-7 A\u011fustos 1919)<\/a><\/li>
• Ala\u015fehir Kongresi<\/a><\/li>
• Bal\u0131kesir kongresi<\/a><\/li>
• Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Samsun\u2019a \u00c7\u0131kmas\u0131<\/a><\/li>
• Mondros Ate\u015fkes Anla\u015fmas\u0131<\/a><\/li>
• Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/a><\/li>
• \u00c7anakkale ve Mustafa Kemal<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  \u00c7anakkale ve Mustafa Kemal H. Fahri \u00c7eliker Birinci D\u00fcnya Harbi ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda (1 A\u011fustos 1914) Atat\u00fcrk, askeri ate\u015fe olarak Sofya\u2019da bulunuyordu. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir Alman Asker\u00ee Heyeti\u2019nin…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[33,75],"tags":[40],"pageviews":"5","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/761"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=761"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/761\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=761"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=761"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=761"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":899,"date":"2018-09-21T15:07:55","date_gmt":"2018-09-21T12:07:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/?p=899"},"modified":"2018-09-20T15:10:43","modified_gmt":"2018-09-20T12:10:43","slug":"ataturkun-cocuk-sevgisi-ile-ilgili-bir-anisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/ataturkun-cocuk-sevgisi-ile-ilgili-bir-anisi\/","title":{"rendered":"ATAT\u00dcRK\u2019\u00dcN \u00c7OCUK SEVG\u0130S\u0130 \u0130LE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 B\u0130R ANISI"},"content":{"rendered":"

  ATAT\u00dcRK\u2019\u00dcN \u00c7OCUK SEVG\u0130S\u0130 \u0130LE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 B\u0130R ANISI<\/strong><\/p>\n

  Siz T\u00fcrk \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 benim birer par\u00e7ams\u0131n\u0131z. Bende sizin.<\/p>\n

  Atat\u00fcrk bir okula gitmi\u015fti. Her zaman oldu\u011fu gibi b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7ocuklar etraf\u0131n\u0131 sard\u0131. Hepsi sevin\u00e7 i\u00e7inde onu alk\u0131\u015fl\u0131yordu. Yaln\u0131z k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00e7ocuk bir kenara \u00e7ekilmi\u015f, ilgisiz gibi duruyordu. Bu durum Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u00fcnden ka\u00e7mad\u0131. Onu yan\u0131na \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131:<\/p>\n

  \u2013 \u00c7ocu\u011fum, neden durgunsun? Bir derdin mi var? Hasta m\u0131s\u0131n?<\/p>\n

  \u00c7ocuk:<\/p>\n

  \u2013 Bir \u015feyim yok efendim.<\/p>\n

  \u00c7ocuk arkas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fc, g\u00f6zlerinden akan ya\u015flar\u0131 gizlice sildi.<\/p>\n

  Atat\u00fcrk:<\/p>\n

  \u2013 Ni\u00e7in a\u011fl\u0131yorsun yavrum? Sen a\u011flay\u0131nca ben \u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

  K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuk, o vakit ya\u015fl\u0131 g\u00f6zlerini Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e \u00e7evirdi:<\/p>\n

  \u2013 Atam, seni b\u00f6yle yak\u0131ndan g\u00f6rmek isterdik. Geldin, g\u00f6rd\u00fck, sevindik. Ama art\u0131k s\u0131ram\u0131z\u0131 savd\u0131k. Bir daha seni ne zaman g\u00f6rece\u011fiz? Ona a\u011fl\u0131yorum. Atat\u00fcrk oradaki \u00e7ocuklara bakt\u0131:<\/p>\n

  \u2013 Beni ne zaman g\u00f6rmek isterseniz aynaya bak\u0131n. Siz T\u00fcrk \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 benim birer par\u00e7ams\u0131n\u0131z. Bende sizin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  ATAT\u00dcRK\u2019\u00dcN \u00c7OCUK SEVG\u0130S\u0130 \u0130LE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 B\u0130R ANISI Siz T\u00fcrk \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 benim birer par\u00e7ams\u0131n\u0131z. Bende sizin. Atat\u00fcrk bir okula gitmi\u015fti. Her zaman oldu\u011fu gibi b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7ocuklar…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":900,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[29],"pageviews":"2","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/899"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=899"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/899\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/900"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=899"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=899"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=899"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":3197,"date":"2018-10-15T20:03:43","date_gmt":"2018-10-15T17:03:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/?p=3197"},"modified":"2018-10-15T20:03:43","modified_gmt":"2018-10-15T17:03:43","slug":"istiklal-mahkemeleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/istiklal-mahkemeleri\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

  \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri<\/h2>\n

  K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali Bey, Antep kahraman\u0131d\u0131r. Oradan Ankara\u2019ya vekil olarak gelir ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar da Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn yan\u0131nda en g\u00fcvenilir ve sadakatli isim olur. Ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ift tabancas\u0131yla kendisini ona siper eder.<\/p>\n

  K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali Bey, an\u0131lar\u0131nda \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemeleri\u2019nin amac\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu ifadelerle anlat\u0131r: \u201c\u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemeleri vatanda\u015f\u0131n kan\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6kmek i\u00e7in de\u011fil, memleketin birli\u011fini, dahili ve harici d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 milli m\u00fcdafaay\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in kurulmu\u015f bir ink\u0131l\u00e2p m\u00fcessesi idi.\u201d Nas\u0131l vazife yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r: \u201cVazifemizi yaparken ne hat\u0131r dinledik, ne g\u00f6n\u00fcl ne de emir… Hissiyattan kendimizi uzak bulundurmak, ink\u0131l\u00e2b\u0131n, memleketin kurtulu\u015fu, ordunun takviyesi, milli davan\u0131n her tesirden korunmas\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca hedefemizdi. (…)<\/strong><\/p>\n

  K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali\u2019si Mahkeme\u2019nin nas\u0131l i\u015fledi\u011fini ise \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r: \u201c\u0130lk tetkikat h\u00fck\u00fcmet\u00e7e yap\u0131l\u0131r; ondan sonra muntazam bir dosya halinde mahkemeye tevdi edilir, tevdi edilen dosya mahkeme heyeti taraf\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ca tetkik ve noksanlar\u0131 ikmal edildikten sonra hadise ile ilgili olanlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k muhakemelerine ge\u00e7ilir. Mahkemeler sureti mutlakada aleni (a\u00e7\u0131k) olarak yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Gizli yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tekbir muhakeme yoktur. Mahkemelerin verdikleri h\u00fck\u00fcmler temyiz kabil de\u011fildi. Bu nedenle k\u0131l\u0131 k\u0131rk yararcas\u0131na tetkik edilir ve b\u00fcy\u00fck itina ile halk efk\u00e2r\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde a\u00e7\u0131k olarak cereyan edilirdi.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

  \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, 1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 ve s\u0131ras\u0131nda ayaklanma \u00e7\u0131karan ve ya\u011fmaya giri\u015fenleri, bozguncular\u0131, orduya ait silah ve m\u00fchimmat\u0131 \u00e7alanlar\u0131, casus ve k\u00f6stebekleri, asker ka\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131, Milli M\u00fccadeleyi engelleme amac\u0131yla propaganda yapanlar\u0131 yarg\u0131lamak i\u00e7in \u00f6zel kanunla kurulan mahkemelerdir.<\/p>\n

  Kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda g\u00f6rev yapan mahkemelere birinci d\u00f6nem olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Birinci d\u00f6nem \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda daha sonralar\u0131 da d\u00f6nemlerine g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 vazifeler y\u00fcr\u00fcten mahkemeler kurulmu\u015ftur. Sonradan kurulan mahkemeler birer Devrim mahkemesi niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n

  Devrim Mahkemeleri, sava\u015f ve ihtilal gibi \u00f6zel durumlarda isyanc\u0131, bozguncu ve kar\u015f\u0131 devrimcilerin yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 infaz kurullar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu mahkemeler T\u00fcrk Devriminin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r ve bu devrimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n unutulmamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

  \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri’nin kurulu\u015f nedenleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

  T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi (T.B.M.M.)’nin a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihlerde Anadolu’da i\u00e7 ayaklanmalar\u0131n etkisiyle ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc zorluklar ya\u015fanmaktayd\u0131. Asayi\u015fsizlik, e\u015fkiya, sefalet Anadolu’yu sars\u0131yordu. Yunan ordusunun ilerleyi\u015fi de moral \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Asker ka\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehlike b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Silah alt\u0131na \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lanlar, \u0130stanbul Fetvas\u0131’n\u0131n ve Padi\u015fah’\u0131n askerli\u011fi kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildiren ve T.B.M.M.’ni gayr\u0131 me\u015fru ilan eden Ferman’\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131nda kalarak ya askere gelmiyor veya \u015fubelerden ve k\u0131talar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

  Ka\u00e7arken kendisine verilmi\u015f olan silah ve cephanesini de g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. Bunlar i\u00e7 ayaklanmalar\u0131n insan g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturuyorlard\u0131. Bu sebeple d\u00fc\u015fmanla sava\u015facak ordu bulam\u0131yordu. Hatta cephanelikleri bile koruyacak n\u00f6bet\u00e7i bulmakta g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck \u00e7ekildi\u011fi durumlara rastlan\u0131yordu. Ayr\u0131ca casus, bozguncu, aleyhte propaganda ajanlar\u0131, d\u00fc\u015fman ve \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapanlar, d\u00fczenli ordu kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyenlerin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehlike de Ankara’y\u0131 sarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

  B\u00fct\u00fcn bu sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek, Ankara’n\u0131n T.B.M.M. irade ve otoritesini b\u00fct\u00fcn yurtta egemen k\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyordu. Yunan ordusu, \u00f6n\u00fcnde sava\u015facak d\u00fczenli bir askeri kuvvet olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kolayca ilerliyordu. Kuvay-\u0131 Milliye ise d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 oyalamaktan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey yapam\u0131yordu. Me\u015fru olmayan ve merkezi otoriteden yoksun, sorumsuz kuvvetlerle devletin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kurmak olanaks\u0131zd\u0131. Yunan cephesi, yaln\u0131zca Ayd\u0131n, Manisa ve Bursa cepheleri de\u011fil, i\u015fgale u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, u\u011framam\u0131\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn vatan topraklar\u0131n\u0131n kurtulu\u015fu i\u00e7in, ulusun t\u00fcm var\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyup sava\u015fmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi bir vatan cephesiydi.<\/p>\n

  Bu sebeple b\u00fct\u00fcn ulusun inan\u00e7 birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde ve bir otorite alt\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmesi gerekiyordu. Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk daha Kas\u0131m 1919’da ulusal g\u00fc\u00e7lerin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesini bildirmi\u015fti. Fakat Meclis’in a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte ulusal otorite bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc sa\u011flanam\u0131yordu. Padi\u015fah ve H\u00fck\u00fcmetin yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 anar\u015fi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc boyutlara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ayaklanmalar, soygun ve askerden firar olaylar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Dernekleri, Kuvay\u0131 Milliye ve askeri birliklerin komutanlar\u0131 kendi g\u00fc\u00e7lerine ve M. Kemal’in 17 Mart 1920’de yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Vatan\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131, memleketin huzur ve asayi\u015fini bozanlar\u0131n din ve millet fark\u0131 g\u00f6zetmeksizin kanunen \u015fiddetle cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131.” ve 21 Nisan’da Feke Kaymakam\u0131’na g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi “Ulusal harekat\u0131 f\u0131rsat bilip \u00e7apulculu\u011fa kalk\u0131\u015fanlara kar\u015f\u0131 Kuva-y\u0131 Milliye komutanlar\u0131yla irtibat kurarak en \u015fiddetli cezalar\u0131n verilmesi.”ni bildiren emirlerine dayanarak, su\u00e7lular\u0131 asmaya kadar varan cezalar uygulan\u0131yor, askerden ka\u00e7anlar\u0131n mallar\u0131na el konuyor ve evleri y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131yordu. Ancak bu y\u00f6ntem Meclis a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra M. Kemal Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan istenmiyordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kanuni y\u00f6ntemlerden ayr\u0131lanlar bulunuyordu. Oysa M. Kemal, mutlaka yasalar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn olmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyordu.<\/p>\n

  Bazen casus, bozguncu, propagandac\u0131 ve ka\u00e7aklar i\u00e7in, 1914’de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan “Esrar-\u0131 Askeriyeyi \u0130f\u015fa ve Casusluk ve Hiyanet-i Harbiye Hakk\u0131nda Kanun” uygulan\u0131yordu. Ancak bu kanun Osmanl\u0131 kanunu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, Ferit Pa\u015fa ve Padi\u015fah aleyhine davrananlar\u0131n vatan haini olaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

  \u00dclkede i\u00e7 g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flamak, ulusal ama\u00e7 \u00e7evresinde birle\u015fmek ve T.B.M.M.’nin otoritesini egemen k\u0131lmak, huzur ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flamak, ka\u00e7ak olaylar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ip, d\u00fczenli orduyu kurmak i\u00e7in merkezi otoriteyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek bir y\u00f6nteme ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131. \u00d6zellikle Frans\u0131z Devrimi’nde devrim rejiminin, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc y\u00f6ntemlerle ve yetkilerle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kurulu\u015flarca ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

  25 Nisan 1920’de Mehmet \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bey T.B.M.M.’nin otoritesine b\u00fct\u00fcn “Osmanl\u0131 tebaas\u0131n\u0131n” uymas\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u201cUlusal Meclis’in kararlar\u0131 aleyhinde bulunanlar veya uymayanlar ancak vatan haini olabilirler ve bu gibilerin de vatana ihanetle su\u00e7lanmalar\u0131\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle bir \u00f6nerge verdi. Osmanl\u0131 Kanunlar\u0131yla i\u015flerin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini isteyenlerin kar\u015f\u0131 koymalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen Meclis 29 Nisan 1920’de “H\u0131yanet-i Vataniye Kanunu”nu kabul etti:<\/p>\n

  Buna g\u00f6re;<\/p>\n

  Madde 1.\u00a0Makam-\u0131 mualla-y\u0131 hilafet ve saltanat\u0131 ve memalik-i mahrusa-i \u015fahaeyi yed-i ecanipten tahlis ve taarruzat\u0131 def-i maksad\u0131na m’atuf olarak te\u015fekk\u00fcl eden B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi’nin me\u015fruiyetine isyan\u0131 mutazamm\u0131n kavlen veya fiilen veya tahriren muhalefet veya ifsadatta bulunan kesan, hain-i vatan addolunur.<\/p>\n

  Madde 2- Bil-fiil hiyanet-i vataniyye’de bulunanlar salben idam olunur…. Bunun anlam\u0131 \u015fuydu: Y\u00fcce hilafet ve saltanat makam\u0131n\u0131 ve Padi\u015fah’\u0131n topraklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman elinden kurtarmak i\u00e7in kurulmu\u015f bulunan B.M.M. nin me\u015fruiyyetine fiilen veya yaz\u0131 veya s\u00f6zle kar\u015f\u0131 koyanlar vatan hainidirler. Bunlar\u0131n cezas\u0131 idamd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

  Bu kanun, Meclis’in otoritesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve birli\u011fin kurulmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131md\u0131. Devrim kanunu idi. Hilafet ve saltanat makam\u0131n\u0131n kurtulu\u015fu s\u00f6zleri ise, ulusun Padi\u015fah’a olan dinsel ve geleneksel ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n etkisi ve Meclisteki saltanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n iste\u011fi ile konmu\u015ftu. Ancak kanunun uygulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in ola\u011fan mahkemeler g\u00f6revlendirildi. Bu sebeple d\u00f6rt ayl\u0131k uygulama sonucunda istenilen ba\u015far\u0131 elde edilemedi. Di\u011fer yandan Kuvay\u0131 Milliye’nin kendi uygulamalar\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. Kitle halinde idamlar halk\u0131 Meclise kar\u015f\u0131 tepkiye itiyordu. Af dileyerek, Ulusal M\u00fccadele’ye kat\u0131lmak isteyenlere f\u0131rsat verilmiyordu.<\/p>\n

  Di\u011fer yandan asker ka\u00e7aklar\u0131na hapis cezas\u0131 verilmesi sebebiyle, bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi cephede \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmaktansa, hapis yatmay\u0131 g\u00f6ze alarak firar\u0131 ye\u011fliyorlard\u0131. Asker ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131na yard\u0131m edenlere ise bu kanunda bir ceza getirilmemi\u015fti. Hiyanet-i Vataniye Kanunu’nu uygulayan mahkemeler Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminin y\u00f6ntemleriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ulusal M\u00fccadele’nin ko\u015fullar\u0131na cevap veremiyorlard\u0131. Mahkeme karar\u0131na itiraz bir \u00fcst mahkemeye ba\u015fvurma, temyiz, ola\u011fan d\u00f6nemlerin uygulamalar\u0131, davalar\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcyor, cezan\u0131n ibret y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131yordu. Ulusal otoritenin sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in devrim y\u00f6ntemlerine ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 zorunlu duruma geldi.<\/p>\n

  18 A\u011fustos 1920’de Dr. Tevfik R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve Mustafa Necati Beyler Meclis’te, “Telkin ve Tedhi\u015f Kanunu” i\u00e7in bir \u00f6neri verdiler. Bu \u00f6nerinin 3,4,5 inci maddeleri “Madde 3- Seferberlik emrine icabet etmeyenlerin emvali m\u00fcsadere, hanesi ihrak (yak\u0131l\u0131r), ailesi tehcir (g\u00f6\u00e7) edilir ve tevr\u00fcd (kar\u015f\u0131 koyma) edenler de derdestlerinde (ele ge\u00e7irildiklerinde idam olunur.” \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r h\u00fck\u00fcmler ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Bu \u00f6neri tehlikenin ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemliydi. Cezalar a\u011f\u0131r bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in red edildi. Fakat ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc, devrim y\u00f6ntemleri aran\u0131yordu. Dr. Tevfik R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Bey, \u00e7eteler ve ka\u00e7aklar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehlike kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, M. Kemal’e, “\u0130htilal Mahkemeleri” kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir \u00f6neri verdi. Fakat sonra isim “\u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri” olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n

  \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri’nin kurulu\u015fu<\/strong><\/p>\n

  Hiyanet-i Vataniye Kanunu, 4 ayd\u0131r y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte oldu\u011fu halde Dr. Tevfik R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Bey, asker ka\u00e7aklar\u0131, bozguncu ve casuslar\u0131n ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla firarilerden kurulu \u00e7etelerin \u00f6nlenebilmesi i\u00e7in \u0130htilal Mahkemelerinin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerdi. Refik \u015eevki Bey bu fikre destek verdi ancak isminin \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri olmas\u0131n\u0131n daha uygun olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi.<\/p>\n

  2 Eyl\u00fcl 1920 tarihinde “Firar Ceraimini \u0130rtikap Edenler Hakk\u0131nda Kanun Tasar\u0131s\u0131” isimli Yasa teklifi incelenmek \u00fczere Mili Savunma enc\u00fcmenine verildi. Enc\u00fcmen bir karara varamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131 Ferik Fevzi meclise \u015eimdiki durum dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ve g\u00f6r\u00fclen l\u00fczum ve ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc ihtiyaca dayanarak sava\u015f zaman\u0131na ait olmak \u00fczere firariler hakk\u0131ndaki kanun \u00f6nergesini meclise sundu.<\/p>\n

  TBMM’nin, 18 Eyl\u00fcl 1920 tarih ve 42 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile ka\u00e7ak erat ve casuslar\u0131n yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131yla g\u00f6revli olmak \u00fczere \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri kurulmas\u0131 karar\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. Mahkeme \u00fcyeleri, Millet Meclisinden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Sava\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131nda bozgun, ya\u011fma ve casusluk gibi vatana ihanet niteli\u011finde kabul edilen su\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilmek ve acil h\u00fck\u00fcmler verebilmek i\u00e7in Millet Meclisi taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6zel kanunla ihdas edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

  Birinci d\u00f6nem<\/strong><\/p>\n

  18 Eyl\u00fcl 1920 ile 17 \u015eubat 1921 tarihleri aras\u0131nda g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131. \u0130stiklal mahkemeleri yasas\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fcnden sonra Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130smet Pa\u015fa 14 \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6neride bulundu. Fakat say\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in 7 mahkeme b\u00f6lgesi saptand\u0131. Bir ay sonra Diyarbak\u0131r’a da bir mahkeme kurulmas\u0131 kabul edilince say\u0131 8’e y\u00fckseldi: Ankara, Eski\u015fehir, Konya, Isparta, Sivas, Kastamonu, Pozant\u0131, Diyarbak\u0131r.<\/p>\n

  \u0130kinci d\u00f6nem<\/strong><\/p>\n

  30 Temmuz 1921 tarihi ile 1923 Ekim ay\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak 19 A\u011fustos 1921 tarihinde Kastamonu’da, 12 A\u011fustos 1921 tarihinde Konya’da, 17 a\u011fustos 1921 Samsun, 22 Eyl\u00fcl 1921 tarihinde Yozgat’da kuruldu. \u0130kinci \u0130stiklal Mahkemelerinde asker ka\u00e7aklar\u0131, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fmana yard\u0131m edenler ve isyan \u00e7\u0131karanlar yarg\u0131land\u0131.<\/p>\n

  Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemi<\/strong><\/p>\n

  1923 ile 1927 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130syanlarda ve ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hallerde kurulmu\u015ftur. 6 Nisan 1925 tarihinde Diyarbak\u0131r’da \u015eeyh Sait \u0130syan\u0131 sonras\u0131nda \u015eark \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi, ayr\u0131ca hilafet ve saltanat propagandas\u0131 yapanlar\u0131 ve Cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirenleri yarg\u0131lamak i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul ve Ankara \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri Kuruldu.<\/p>\n

  2 Eyl\u00fcl 1920’de, Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’nca haz\u0131rlanan “Firar Ceraimini \u0130rtikap Edenler Hakk\u0131nda Kanun Tasar\u0131s\u0131” Meclis taraf\u0131ndan Milli Savunma Enc\u00fcmenine g\u00f6nderildi, 8 Eyl\u00fcl’de M. Kemal’in \u00f6nerisiyle g\u00fcndeme al\u0131nd\u0131. Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131 Fevzi (\u00c7akmak) Pa\u015fa, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc ihtiyaca dayanarak, sava\u015f zaman\u0131na ait olmak \u00fczere “Firariler Hakk\u0131nda Kanun”un kabul\u00fcn\u00fc istedi. Asker ka\u00e7aklar\u0131 olaylar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011funun vatan\u0131n kurtulu\u015f ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrecek duruma geldi\u011fini, bunun \u00f6n\u00fcne ancak sert \u00f6nlemlerle ge\u00e7ilebilece\u011fini, eski kanunun etkili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Milli Savunma \u00f6nergesi ile konu tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Bu \u00f6nerge ile Meclis’te iki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce do\u011fdu.<\/p>\n

  Birincisi, “Kanunun bir zaruret oldu\u011fu ve cephe gerisinin tutulabilece\u011fi, asayi\u015fin bu sayede sa\u011flanabilece\u011fi.” ikincisi, “Memleketi ve halk\u0131 korkuya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrece\u011fi, Ulusal M\u00fccadeleyi arkadan vuracak kuvvetleri \u00e7o\u011faltaca\u011f\u0131 ve halk\u0131 pani\u011fe g\u00f6t\u00fcrece\u011fi.” idi.<\/p>\n

  Muhalif olanlar\u0131n bireysel haklardan s\u00f6z etmeleri \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7ti. Ulusun ve vatan\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in sava\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclke kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n seferber edilmesi gerekti\u011fi, ayaklanmalar, firari, casus, bozguncu, e\u015fk\u0131ya tehlikesinin \u00fclkeyi ve ulusu esir edecek boyutlara ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir s\u0131rada bireyin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden s\u00f6z etmek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemezdi. Bu sebeple Meclis’te radikal grup ile tutucular aras\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fmalar geni\u015fledi. 11 Eyl\u00fcl’de kanun oy \u00e7oklu\u011fu ile kabul edildi.<\/p>\n

  Firariler Kanunu Hakk\u0131nda<\/strong><\/p>\n

  Kanun No: 21, 11 Eyl\u00fcl 1924<\/p>\n

  Madde 1: Mavuzzaf ve g\u00f6nl\u00fc ile hizmet-i askeriyeye dahil olup da firar edenler veya her ne suretle olursa olsun firara sebebiyet verenler ve firari derbest ve sevkinde tekas\u00fcl (kay\u0131ts\u0131zl\u0131k) g\u00f6sterenler ve firarileri ihfa (saklayan) ilbas (giydiren) edenler hakk\u0131nda m\u00fclki ve askeri kavaninde (kanunlar) mevcut ahkam (h\u00fck\u00fcmler) ve indel-icap (gerekti\u011finde) di\u011fer guna (benzer) mukarrerat-\u0131 cezaiyeyi m\u00fcstakilen h\u00fck\u00fcm ve tenfiz (h\u00fckm\u00fc uygulamak) etmek \u00fczere B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi azalar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri te\u015fkil olunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

  Madde 2: Bu mahkemeler azas\u0131n\u0131n (\u00fcye) adedi \u00fc\u00e7 olup B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi’nin ekseriyet-i arasile (oy \u00e7oktulu) intihap (se\u00e7ilme) ve i\u00e7lerinden birini kendileri taraf\u0131ndan reis addolunur.<\/p>\n

  Madde 3: \u0130\u015f bu mahkemelerin adedini ve m\u0131nt\u0131kalar\u0131n\u0131 (b\u00f6lgelerini) Heyet-i Vekile’nin (Bakanlar Kuru\u0131u) teklifi \u00fczerine B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi tayin eder.<\/p>\n

  Madde 4: \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri’nin kararlar\u0131 kat’i olup infaz\u0131na bilumum kuva-y\u0131 m\u00fcsellaha ve gayr-i m\u00fcsallaha-i devlet (devletin b\u00fct\u00fcn silahl\u0131 ve silahs\u0131z kuvvetleri) memurdur.<\/p>\n

  Madde 5: \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri’nin evamir ve mukarrerat\u0131n\u0131(emir ve kararlar\u0131n\u0131) infaz etmeyenler veya infazda taall\u00fcl (yalan bahane ile i\u015ften ka\u00e7ma) g\u00f6sterenler i\u015fbu mahkemeler taraf\u0131ndan taht-\u0131 mahkemeye al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n

  Madde 6: Her \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi ketebe ve m\u00fcatahdeminin maa\u015fat\u0131 \u015fehri y\u00fcz litay\u0131 ge\u00e7meyecektir.<\/p>\n

  Madde 7: Her \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi vazifeye m\u00fcbadereti (i\u015fe ba\u015flama) an\u0131nda firari ve bakaya erfad\u0131n\u0131n bir m\u00fcddet-i muayyene zarf\u0131nda (belli s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde) icapetini (kabul edilme) teminen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc vesait-i tebli\u011fiyeye m\u00fcracaat eder.<\/p>\n

  Madde 8: \u0130\u015fbu kanun tarih-i ne\u015frinden muteberdir.<\/p>\n

  Madde 9: \u0130\u015fbu kanunun icras\u0131na B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi memurdur.<\/p>\n

  Ulusal M\u00fccadele’nin kazan\u0131lmas\u0131nda i\u00e7 g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, Meclis otoritesinin kurulmas\u0131 ve asker ka\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck hizmetleri g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri ulusal inan\u00e7 ve ihtiya\u00e7tan do\u011fan ink\u0131lap ve ihtilal mahkemeleriydiler. Kanunun incelenmesinden de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u0130stiklal Mahkemelerinin verecekleri kararlar, idam dahil, kesindi ve derhal uygulanacakt\u0131. Karar verirlerken vicdan kanaatlar\u0131 yeterliydi. Kararlara itiraz ve temyiz yoktu. Kararlar\u0131n\u0131 ve emirlerini b\u00fct\u00fcn asker ve sivil memurlar uygulamak zorundayd\u0131lar. B\u00f6ylece mahkemeler s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir g\u00fcce sahiptiler.<\/p>\n

  Mahkeme \u00fcyelerinin Meclis’ten se\u00e7ilmesi, b\u00f6lgelerin Meclis taraf\u0131ndan saptanmas\u0131 ve kanunu y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkisinin do\u011frudan do\u011fruya Meclis’e ait olmas\u0131yla, Meclis \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yarg\u0131ya da sahip oldu. Kuvvetler birli\u011fi esas\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymas\u0131yla, bu konuda meclis otoritesine \u00f6rnek olan Frans\u0131z Devrimi Mahkemeleri \u00fcyelerinin, meclis d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmesinin do\u011furdu\u011fu sak\u0131ncalar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 yan\u0131lg\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmemesi i\u00e7in mahkeme \u00fcyeleri mebuslardan se\u00e7ilip, Meclis’in \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sa\u011fland\u0131. Askeri ve sivil memurlar mahkemelerin emirlerini y\u00fcr\u00fctmek zorunda idiler.<\/p>\n

  Yeni bir mahkeme kurulmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrken en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve s\u00fcratli \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p, ulusal devrimin gereklerini uygulayacak \u00f6zellikte olmas\u0131 idi. Normal mahkemelerin ve harp divanlar\u0131n\u0131n bu g\u00f6revi yapmad\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6rt ayl\u0131k uygulamada anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kanunu \u00f6nerenlerin (M. Kemal’de dahil) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi devrim y\u00f6ntemine dayan\u0131yor ve Frans\u0131z Devrimi i\u00e7inde (Mart 1793) ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkilere sahip olarak kurulan “Devrim Mahkemeleri”ni \u00f6rnek al\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

  29 Ekim 1793’te resmen bu ad\u0131 alan Frans\u0131z Devrim Mahkemeleri, Danton’un Mart 1792’de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 teklifin Convention faraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmesi sonucu kurulmu\u015flard\u0131. Bu mahkemeler devrim d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 her giri\u015fimi, h\u00fcrriyet, e\u015fitlik, birlik, cumhuriyetin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmezli\u011fi ilkesine (T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti kurulduktan sonra \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri de ayn\u0131 gerek\u00e7eyi benimsediler) devletin i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi aleyhindeki her suikast\u0131 ve krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 tekrar kurmak hedefini g\u00fcden (T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde ise Saltanat’\u0131 geri getirmek isteyenler i\u00e7in), ulus egemenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 koyan b\u00fct\u00fcn komplolar\u0131 yarg\u0131lamak ve cezaland\u0131rmak yetkisi ile kurulmu\u015flard\u0131 Convention, mahkeme \u00fcyelerini kendisi tayin ediyordu.<\/p>\n

  Bu mahkemelerin kararlar\u0131 kesin olup, bir \u00fcst mahkemeye ba\u015fvurmak ve temyiz hakk\u0131 yoktu. Gerek kurulu\u015f amac\u0131 ve \u015fekli, gerekse yetkileri ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00f6ntemi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri’ne \u00f6rnek oldu\u011fu bu a\u00e7\u0131k benzerlikle kolayca g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Her iki \u00fclkedeki bu mahkemeler, vatan\u0131n ve \u00f6zellikle devrimin ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir tehlike kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda oldu\u011fu ve kurulan yeni rejimin (Ulusal ve laik temellere dayanan) savunulmas\u0131n\u0131 yapmak gerekti\u011finde, birbirlerine \u00e7ok benzeyen su\u00e7lara bakmak \u00fczere, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkilere sahip olarak kurulmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

  Kanunun kabul\u00fcnden sonra Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130smet Pa\u015fa 14 \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6neride bulundu. Fakat say\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in 7 mahkeme b\u00f6lgesi saptand\u0131, bir ay sonra Diyarbak\u0131r’a da bir mahkeme kurulmas\u0131 kabul edilince say\u0131 8’e y\u00fckseldi. \u00dcyelerin ve b\u00f6lgelerin se\u00e7imi 26 Eyl\u00fcl’de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n

  \u0130stiklal mahkemelerinin kuruldu\u011fu iller: 1. Ankara 2. Eski\u015fehir 3. Konya 4. Isparta 5. Sivas 6. Kastamonu 7. Pozant\u0131 8. Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019d\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n

  \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri kuruldular. B\u00f6lge ve \u00fcye se\u00e7iminin devam etti\u011fi bir s\u0131rada, \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri kurulu\u015funu sa\u011flayan “Firariler Hakk\u0131nda Kanun”un birinci maddesine bir ek madde kabul edildi. “Komutanlar\u0131n askeri r\u00fctbeler aras\u0131nda itaat ve inzibat sa\u011flanmas\u0131na dayanan hukuk ve yetkileri sakl\u0131 kalmak \u00fczere vatan\u0131n ve hilafetin kurtulu\u015fu ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele eden B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi’nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ve amac\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015fman ama\u00e7 ve \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme yollu te\u015fkilat ve tahrikat ve karga\u015fal\u0131k yaratanlar ve memleketin maddi ve manevi kuvvetlerini her ne surette olursa olsun bozup, y\u0131kmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar ve d\u00fc\u015fman hesab\u0131na askeri ve siyasi casusluk edenlerle, 29 Nisan 1920 tarihli H\u0131yanet-i Vataniye Kanunu’nun kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden dolay\u0131 tutuklu bulunanlar\u0131n mahkemelerinin yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin infaz etme yetkisi \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri’nin kuruldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en mahkemelere verilmi\u015ftir…”<\/p>\n

  Bu kanunla \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri’nin yaln\u0131z asker ka\u00e7aklar\u0131na ait olan yetkileri, vatan hainli\u011fi, \u00fclkenin maddi ve manevi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, casusluk, bozgunculuk su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7ine alarak \u00e7ok geni\u015fledi.<\/p>\n

  G\u00f6rev yerlerine hareket etmeden \u00f6nce toplanan \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri \u00fcyeleri m\u00fc\u015fterek bir bildiri haz\u0131rlad\u0131lar. Mahkemelerin devrimci karakterini g\u00f6steren bu bildiride, Mahkemeler, ni\u00e7in ve ne ama\u00e7la kurulduklar\u0131n\u0131, hangi su\u00e7lar\u0131 yarg\u0131layacaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u00f6ntemlerini halka duyurdular. Firarilere teslim olmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in f\u0131rsat tan\u0131d\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

  \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri b\u00f6lgelerinin \u00f6nemlerine g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Ankara \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca ilk i\u015f olarak, Sadrazam Damat Ferit Pa\u015fa’y\u0131 g\u0131yab\u0131nda vatana ihanet su\u00e7uyla yarg\u0131lad\u0131. Haziran ay\u0131nda, Meclis karar\u0131yla vatanda\u015fl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan Ferit Pa\u015fa ve Hadi; R\u0131za Tevfik, Re\u015fat Halis Beyler, Ankara \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi’nin bir numaral\u0131 karar\u0131 ile Sevr Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131 imzalad\u0131klar\u0131, ulusu b\u00f6lmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131, cinayetlere sebep olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in vatana ihanet su\u00e7uyla g\u0131yaben idama mahk\u00fbm oldular.<\/p>\n

  \u0130hanetin en b\u00fcy\u00fck kayna\u011f\u0131 Vahdettin idi. Fakat M. Kemal ve baz\u0131 arkada\u015flar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, halk, Meclis ve hatta komuta heyeti, Padi\u015fah’a dinsel ve geleneksel ba\u011flarla ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131ndan, Padi\u015fah \u0130ngilizlerin esiri kabul edilmekte, ihaneti bilindi\u011fi halde a\u00e7\u0131klanamamaktayd\u0131. Ulusal M\u00fccadele’nin amac\u0131 belirtilirken, hatta Hiyanet-i Vataniye Kanunu’nda bile, yap\u0131lan sava\u015f\u0131n amac\u0131 Halife-Padi\u015fah\u0131 kurtarmak olarak belirtilmi\u015fti. Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Esasiye Kanunu’nda, padi\u015fah\u0131n durumuna \u00f6zel yer verilmi\u015fti. Bu y\u00fczden \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri de Padi\u015fah i\u00e7in i\u015flemde bulunmad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

  \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri bu d\u00f6nemde 17 \u015eubat 1921’e kadar yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 ay kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. 17 \u015eubat’ta g\u00f6revlerine son verildi. Yaln\u0131z Ankara \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi’nin g\u00f6revi s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Casus, bozguncu, e\u015fk\u0131ya, hain, asker ailelerine tecav\u00fcz edenleri en a\u011f\u0131r \u015fekilde cezaland\u0131rd\u0131lar. Firariler konusunda ise, e\u011fer do\u011fru yola gelme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsa ve ka\u00e7arken silah ve cephanesini g\u00f6t\u00fcrmemi\u015f, soygun, \u00f6ld\u00fcrme ve tecav\u00fcz gibi su\u00e7lar i\u015fl\u00ebmemi\u015fse, dayak cezas\u0131 verilerek k\u0131tas\u0131na g\u00f6nderiliyordu. 1-2 kez ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ve belirtilen su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flememi\u015f olanlar ceza verilmeden, (3-4-5-6-7 8-9-10) kez ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olanlar, say\u0131lan su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flememi\u015flerse, ka\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131 say\u0131 onla \u00e7arp\u0131l\u0131p, de\u011fnek vurularak cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor ve k\u0131talar\u0131na g\u00f6nderiliyorlard\u0131. Baz\u0131lar\u0131na idam cezas\u0131 verilse bile, bir daha ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde uygulanmak \u00fczere (m\u00fceccelen idam) cepheye g\u00f6nderiliyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

  Mahkemelerin amac\u0131 insana k\u0131ymak de\u011fil, cephe gerisinde g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flamak, ka\u00e7aklara aman vermemek idi. Bu sebeple idam cezas\u0131 ancak, adam \u00f6ld\u00fcren, soygun ve asker ailesine tecav\u00fcz edenlere uygulan\u0131yordu. \u00d6zellikle cephede sava\u015fan asker ailesinin can, mal ve namus g\u00fcvenli\u011fine \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem veriliyordu. Firarilere teslim olmak i\u00e7in on-on be\u015f, e\u011fer \u0130stanbul gibi uzakta ise k\u0131rk g\u00fcnl\u00fck teslim olmak i\u00e7in g\u00fcn tan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ancak yukar\u0131da belirtti\u011fimiz su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flemi\u015f olanlar af h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yordu. En sert \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan mahkeme Kastamonu \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi oldu.<\/p>\n

  Asker ka\u00e7aklar\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc almak i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu y\u00f6ntem \u00e7ok sert idi. On g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde teslim olmayan asker ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yerine s\u0131rayla babas\u0131, biraderleri, amcas\u0131, day\u0131s\u0131, amcao\u011flu, eni\u015ftesi ve eni\u015ftesinin o\u011flu al\u0131nacakt\u0131. Ka\u00e7ak teslim olursa, yerine askere al\u0131nan yak\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lacakt\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca k\u00f6y\u00fcnden 200 lira ceza al\u0131nacak, ka\u00e7aklar\u0131n evi yak\u0131l\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131lacakt\u0131. Bu y\u00f6ntem Meclis’te \u00e7ok sert tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7t\u0131 ve \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri’nin g\u00f6revlerine 17 \u015eubat’ta son verilmesinde \u00f6nemli bir etken oldu.<\/p>\n

  D\u00fczenli ordunun kuruldu\u011fu, I. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Zaferi’nin kazan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Ethem kuvvetlerinin ihanetinin oldu\u011fu bir s\u0131rada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lar sa\u011flad\u0131lar. Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkilerini yaln\u0131zca vatan\u0131n ve ulusun ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kulland\u0131lar. On binlerce ki\u015fiyi cepheye g\u00f6ndererek \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Sava\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131lar\u0131 oldu. Di\u011fer su\u00e7larda da b\u00fcy\u00fck azalma g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Meclis otoritesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda moral bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olu\u015fturdular. Bu ba\u015far\u0131lardan dolay\u0131 M. Kemal Pa\u015fa, Meclis Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak 8.1.1921’de (Birinci \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda) mahkeme say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 10’a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir \u00f6nerge verdi.<\/p>\n

  \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri’nin b\u00f6lgeleri saptan\u0131rken, d\u00fc\u015fman i\u015fgali alt\u0131nda olan yerler ve Kaz\u0131m Karabekir Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Do\u011fu Anadolu’da \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi kurulmad\u0131. Bu b\u00f6lgeleri birle\u015ftirdi\u011fimizde Misak-\u0131 Milli s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<\/p>\n

  I. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri’nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile:<\/p>\n

  1- T.B.M.M. H\u00fck\u00fcmeti i\u00e7te ve d\u0131\u015fta tan\u0131nd\u0131.
  \n2- Ayaklanma olaylar\u0131 bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve kanun egemen oldu.
  \n3- Devlet organ\u0131 i\u015fledi, vergi ve asker al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u015fleri b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fczeldi.
  \n4- Ulusun orduya inanc\u0131 artt\u0131, ordu kurulmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu.
  \n5- T.B.M.M. H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti’ne kar\u015f\u0131 kesin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n

  B\u00f6ylece \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri’nin kurulu\u015funu haz\u0131rlayan ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc tehlikenin bitti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek, aleyhtarlar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 ile, H\u00fck\u00fcmet mahkemelerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda \u0131srarl\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, 17 \u015eubat 1921’de Ankara \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda di\u011ferlerinin g\u00f6revlerine son verildi. Meclis’e d\u00f6nen \u00fcyeler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

  Cezalar<\/strong><\/p>\n

  Cezalardaki ama\u00e7 asker ka\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n cepheye d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmekti. Ancak a\u011f\u0131r su\u00e7 i\u015flemi\u015f olanlar, askerden firar etmeyi al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k haline getirenler ile firarlar\u0131 te\u015fvik edenler ve yard\u0131m edenler su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re cezalar al\u0131yorlard\u0131. Sadece birka\u00e7 kez ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f askerlere halka a\u00e7\u0131k bir yerde ve doktor g\u00f6zetiminde 40-100 de\u011fnek cezas\u0131 veriliyor, k\u00fcnyelerine de ka\u00e7ak oldu\u011fu tekrar ka\u00e7mas\u0131 haline idam edilece\u011fi yaz\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

  Ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n idam edilmesi en a\u011f\u0131r cezayd\u0131. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda evinin yak\u0131lmas\u0131, firari d\u00f6nene kadar ailesinden birisinin kendisi yerine asker al\u0131nmas\u0131 yan\u0131nda e\u011fer ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahallenin muhtar\u0131 veya imam\u0131 ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 yetkililere haber vermezse a\u011f\u0131r para ve hapis cezas\u0131 al\u0131yordu. R\u00fc\u015fvet kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 firari askeri koruyan devlet g\u00f6revlileri g\u00f6revlerinden al\u0131n\u0131yor ve 15-25 sene a\u011f\u0131r hapis cezas\u0131 veriliyordu. E\u011fer ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 hem haber vermemi\u015f hem de saklam\u0131\u015fsa daha a\u011f\u0131r 1-2 y\u0131l hapis cezas\u0131 al\u0131yordu. Rum as\u0131ll\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 vatanda\u015flar\u0131 esir d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcklerinde haklar\u0131nda soru\u015fturma yap\u0131l\u0131yor Osmanl\u0131 vatanda\u015f\u0131 olanlar sadece asker ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda vatan haini olarak yarg\u0131lan\u0131yor ve su\u00e7lu bulunursa idam ediliyordu. T\u00fcrk askeri birliklerine sabotaj yapan yerli Rumlar da vard\u0131 59 yerli Rum bu su\u00e7tan vatan haini olarak yarg\u0131land\u0131 ve idam edildi.<\/p>\n

  Su\u00e7lar;<\/strong><\/p>\n

  Vatana ihanet, ayaklanma
  \nCasusluk
  \nBozgunculuk ve aleyhte propaganda
  \nG\u00f6revi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma
  \nHalka eziyet ve bask\u0131
  \nAsker ailesine sald\u0131r\u0131
  \nTekalif-i Milliye’den mal ka\u00e7\u0131rmak
  \nCinayet
  \nD\u00fc\u015fman i\u015fgalinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullardan istifade edip kanunsuz hareketlerde bulunmak
  \nD\u00fc\u015fmana yard\u0131m ve d\u00fc\u015fmanla i\u015fbirli\u011fi
  \nD\u00fc\u015fman ordusuna kat\u0131lmak
  \nBu isyanlara kat\u0131lan eleba\u015flar\u0131na idam cezas\u0131 veriliyordu. Casuslara e\u011fer su\u00e7u sabitse idam cezas\u0131 veriliyordu. Delil yetersizse s\u00fcrg\u00fcn veya beraat karar\u0131 veriliyordu. Bunlardan en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f\u0131 Hint as\u0131ll\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bir \u0130ngiliz vatanda\u015f\u0131 olan Mustafa Sagir’di.<\/p>\n

  kaynak; https:\/\/www.turkcebilgi.com\/istiklal_mahkemeleri<\/em><\/p>\n

  \u0130ngiliz casusunun idam\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

  1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ankara\u2019da \u0130ngilizlerin me\u015flur casusu Hint as\u0131ll\u0131 Mustafa Sagir yakalan\u0131r. \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi\u2019nde yarg\u0131lan\u0131r. Su\u00e7u sabit g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden hakk\u0131nda idam karar\u0131 verilir. \u0130\u015f infaza kal\u0131r. O gece K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali Bey uyand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Arayan \u0130smet Pa\u015fa\u2019d\u0131r. Konuyu Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fene kadar infaz\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131 istemektedir. \u0130smet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n kayg\u0131s\u0131 \u2018\u0130ngilizlerle aram\u0131zda hadise \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

  Kemal Pa\u015fa ile \u0130smet Pa\u015fa aras\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fma \u00e7\u0131kar ve konu neticelendirilir. Bu sefer arayan Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019d\u0131r: \u201cSiz vazifenizi bilirsiniz…\u201d O gece infaz ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir…<\/p>\n

  \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemeleri\u2019nde g\u00f6rev yapan Maarif Naz\u0131rlar\u0131ndan Mustafa Necati de asker ka\u00e7aklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi insani kararlarla Kastamonu\u2019da halk\u0131n sevgilisi olur. Mahkemelerde g\u00f6rev yapan \u00fcnl\u00fc isimlerden Ali \u00c7etinkaya, Necip Ali Bey, Dr. Re\u015fit Galip, Vas\u0131f \u00c7\u0131nar ve di\u011fer isimler verdikleri tarihi kararlarla T\u00fcrk Devrimine hizmette bulundular. \u00c7ok say\u0131da bakanl\u0131kta da g\u00f6rev ald\u0131lar…<\/p>\n

  \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

  \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri’nin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 milli m\u00fccadele’nin s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u0131llarda, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise Cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra kuruldu.<\/p>\n

  TBMM’nin ar\u015fivinde bu mahkemelere ait 914 bin sayfa civar\u0131nda evrak bulunuyor. Kurulan ilk mahkemelerden bug\u00fcne kadar 95 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen \u00e7e\u015fitli sebeplerle \u0130stiklal Mahkemelerinin hen\u00fcz tatmin edici, eksiksiz, g\u00fcvenilir bir tarihi yaz\u0131lamad\u0131; ar\u015fivde muhafaza edilen s\u00f6z konusu evrak\u0131n analitik tasnifi yap\u0131lamad\u0131; indeksi ve istatistikleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamad\u0131.<\/p>\n

  \u0130tilaf devletleriyle imzalanan Mondros M\u00fctarekesiyle birlikte Osmanl\u0131 Devleti resmen olmasa da fiilen sona erdi. Bunun \u00fczerine Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele’yi ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015ft\u0131rmak ve elde kalan topraklar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman istilas\u0131ndan korumak i\u00e7in 23 Nisan 1920’de TBMM kuruldu. Kurulan Meclis’in en \u00f6nemli sorunlar\u0131nda biri askerlikten firar edenler oldu. Otoritenin sars\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u00fc\u015fman i\u015fgallerinin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6yle bir d\u00f6nemde soygun ve ya\u011fmac\u0131l\u0131k yapan firari askerler memleketteki otoriteye b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131. TBMM, kurulu\u015funun hemen sonras\u0131nda 29 Nisan 1920’de 2 numaral\u0131 H\u0131yanet-i Vataniye Kanunu’nu \u00e7\u0131karmak suretiyle i\u00e7erde g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak bu kanunun d\u00f6rt ayl\u0131k uygulama s\u00fcresinde beklenen sonu\u00e7 al\u0131namad\u0131.<\/p>\n

  Bu konuda kesin bir sonucun al\u0131nabilmesi i\u00e7in o g\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015fartlarda ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc mahkemelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyuldu\u011fundan, 11 Eyl\u00fcl 1920 tarihinde 21 numaral\u0131 Firariler Hakk\u0131nda Kanun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan bu kanuna dayan\u0131larak \u0130stiklal Mahkemelerinin kurulmas\u0131na, kurulacak olan mahkemelerin firar eden askerlerle ilgilenmesine ve bu konuda verecekleri kararlar\u0131n da temyizinin olmayaca\u011f\u0131na karar verildi. Bu kanundan bir hafta sonra 18 Eyl\u00fcl 1920’de Heyet-i Vekile’nin verdi\u011fi teklifle 14 yerde \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi kurulmas\u0131 istendi ve ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn 45 numaral\u0131 Meclis Karar\u0131 ile Ankara, Eski\u015fehir, Konya, Isparta, Sivas, Kastamonu, Kayseri olmak \u00fczere yedi b\u00f6lgede \u0130stiklal Mahkemesinin acilen kurulmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

  Bu karardan sonra 26 Eyl\u00fcl 1920’de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 28 numaral\u0131 Kanunla \u0130stiklal Mahkemelerinin yetkileri geni\u015fletildi. Bu kararla mahkemelere askerlikten firar su\u00e7unun yan\u0131s\u0131ra, H\u0131yanet-i Vataniye Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda bulunan askeri ve siyasi casusluk su\u00e7lar\u0131na bakma yetkisi de verildi.<\/p>\n

  Askerlikten firar, gasp, soygun, i\u00e7 g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ihlal, bozgunculuk, casusluk davalar\u0131na bakt\u0131<\/p>\n

  27 Ekim 1920’de ise \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Meclis tezkeresiyle Kayseri \u0130stiklal Mahkemesinin kurulmas\u0131na gerek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verildi. Ancak 9 Kas\u0131m 1920’de 68 numaral\u0131 Meclis Karar\u0131 ile bu mahkemelerin yan\u0131nda Diyarbekir’de; 15 Kas\u0131m 1920’de ise 73 numaral\u0131 Meclis Karar\u0131 ile Pozant\u0131’da birer \u0130stiklal Mahkemesinin kurulmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde kurulan \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, askerlikten firar edenlerle alakal\u0131 davalara bakman\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra gasp, soygun, i\u00e7 g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ihlal, bozgunculuk, casusluk gibi davalara da bakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

  Ankara \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi bu mahkemelerden farkl\u0131 olarak g\u0131yaben Sadrazam Damat Ferit Pa\u015fa, R\u0131za Tevfik, Re\u015fat Halis, \u00c7erkez Ethem’in davalar\u0131 ile Mustafa Sa\u011fir ve Ye\u015fil Ordu gibi siyasi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 davalara da bakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

  Mahkemelerin d\u00f6rt ayl\u0131k g\u00f6revi sonras\u0131nda beklenen sonucun al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, Ankara \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi hari\u00e7, bu d\u00f6nem \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri 17 \u015eubat 1921 tarihli 97 numaral\u0131 Meclis karar\u0131yla kapat\u0131ld\u0131. Ankara \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi ise 31 Temmuz 1922 tarihine kadar g\u00f6revine devam etti. Ankara \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki mahkemelerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra firar, casusluk, gasp ve soygunculu\u011fun yeniden artt\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u00e7 g\u00fcvenli\u011fin yeniden bozulmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle 23 Temmuz 1921 tarihli 140 numaral\u0131 Meclis Karar\u0131yla Konya, Kastamonu ve Samsun’da birer \u0130stiklal Mahkemesinin kurulmas\u0131na karar verildi. Daha sonra, 5 A\u011fustos 1921 tarihinde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 144 numaral\u0131 Ba\u015fkumandanl\u0131k Kanunu ile Meclis, yetkilerini Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa’ya devretti ve b\u00f6ylece kurulmu\u015f olan mahkemeler de do\u011frudan Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa’ya ba\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

  Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc l\u00fczum \u00fczerine 8 Eyl\u00fcl 1921 tarihli Ba\u015fkumandanl\u0131k tezkeresiyle Yozgat \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi kuruldu ve Tekalif-i Milliye Emirleri’ni uygulamayanlar\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusu da \u0130stiklal Mahkemelerinin g\u00f6revleri aras\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131. Buna ilaveten bu tarihten sonra istifa eden \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri \u00fcyelerinin yerine yeni \u00fcyelerin atanmas\u0131 da bizzat Ba\u015fkumandan taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131. Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa’ya \u00fc\u00e7 ay s\u00fcre ile verilen Ba\u015fkumandanl\u0131k vazifesi, aral\u0131klarla \u00fc\u00e7 defa uzat\u0131ld\u0131; 20 Temmuz 1922’de kabul edilen 245 numaral\u0131 Kanunla da s\u00fcresiz hale getirildi.<\/p>\n

  \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri; asker firarileri, rejime muhalif olanlar, iktidara destek vermeyen gazeteciler, \u015fapka ink\u0131lab\u0131na muhalefet edenler, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Mustafa Kemal’e suikast, \u015eeyh Said ayaklanmas\u0131 ve \u0130skilipli At\u0131f Hoca hakk\u0131nda yarg\u0131lama yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

  Buna g\u00f6re, 31 Temmuz 1922 tarihinde 249 numaral\u0131 \u0130stiklal Mehakimi Kanunu kabul edilip mahkemelerin g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri yeniden belirlenerek k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131. 1 A\u011fustos 1922 tarihli 274 numaral\u0131 Meclis Karar\u0131yla da bu mahkemelerin faaliyetlerine son verildi.<\/p>\n

  Samsun \u0130stiklal Mahkemesinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra, Rum \u00e7etelerinin faaliyetlerine yeniden ba\u015flamas\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgede asayi\u015fin bozulmas\u0131 sebebiyle 27 Temmuz 1922 tarihinde Amasya \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi kuruldu. Mahkeme g\u00f6reve ba\u015flamakla birlikte, \u00fcyelerinin g\u00f6revlerinden istifa etmesi, yeni \u00fcye se\u00e7imlerinin uzun zaman almas\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7suz kalmas\u0131 \u00fczerine 27 Kas\u0131m 1922’de fiilen kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

  Askerlikten firar edenlerin t\u00fcm tedbirlere ra\u011fmen Elcezire B\u00f6lgesinde \u00f6nlenememesi \u00fczerine, 22 Ocak 1923’te 335 numaral\u0131 Meclis Karar\u0131 ile merkezi Diyarbekir’de bulunmak, sahas\u0131 Elcezire cephesi m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131 olmak ve s\u0131rf askerlikten firar edenler ile ilgili davalara bakmak \u00fczere yeni bir \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi kuruldu. S\u00f6z konusu mahkeme 9 Mart 1923’ten 11 May\u0131s 1923’e kadar iki ay s\u00fcreyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

  Milli m\u00fccadelenin zaferle sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131ndan sonra TBMM ile \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti aras\u0131nda siyasi iktidar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek sahibinin kim oldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine 1 Kas\u0131m 1922’de TBMM taraf\u0131ndan saltanata son verildi ve 18 Kas\u0131m 1922’de Abd\u00fclmecit halife olarak se\u00e7ildi. 1 Nisan 1923’te ise Meclis kendini feshederek se\u00e7ime gitme karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Ancak, Meclis da\u011f\u0131lmadan bir g\u00fcn \u00f6nce 15 Nisan 1923 tarihinde 334 ve 335 numaral\u0131 kanunlarla H\u0131yanet-i Vataniye Kanunu’nun 1. ve 8. maddelerinde de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapt\u0131. Yap\u0131lan bu d\u00fczenleme ile saltanat\u0131 geri getirmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak faaliyetler H\u0131yanet-i Vataniye Kanunu kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

  H\u0131yanet-i Vataniye Kanunu’nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikten ve Meclis’in kapanmas\u0131ndan sonra 23 Temmuz 1923 tarihinde Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131. 11 A\u011fustos 1923 tarihinde ise 2. TBMM a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 ve ilk i\u015f olarak Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 onayland\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan 13 Ekim 1923 tarihinde Ankara ba\u015fkent ilan edildi. 29 Ekim 1923 tarihinde ise Cumhuriyet kuruldu.<\/p>\n

  A\u011fa Han ve Emir Ali, halifelik konusunda Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ve Ba\u015fbakan’a mektup yazd\u0131<\/p>\n

  Saltanat\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Cumhuriyet’in ilan edilmesi gibi hadiseler, \u0130stanbul bas\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n tepkisine neden oldu. Baz\u0131 gazetelerde bu t\u00fcr hadiselerin hilafetin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla neticelenece\u011fine dair yaz\u0131lar yaz\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmet ise \u0130stanbul bas\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n bu tutumunu devrimlere kar\u015f\u0131 bir tepki olarak alg\u0131lad\u0131. Ankara-\u0130stanbul aras\u0131nda sert tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6yle bir ortamda Hint M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n liderlerinden A\u011fa Han ve Emir Ali’nin halifelik ile ilgili olarak Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ve Ba\u015fbakan’a yazd\u0131klar\u0131 bir mektup, ilgililerin eline ge\u00e7meden \u0130stanbul bas\u0131n\u0131nda yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/p>\n

  Mektupta d\u00fcnya M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in halifeli\u011fin \u00f6neminden bahsedilerek T\u00fcrklerde kalmas\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’ye g\u00fc\u00e7 kataca\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor ve halifeli\u011fin kald\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi tavsiye ediliyordu. 8 Aral\u0131k 1923 tarihinde konu Meclis g\u00fcndemine geldi\u011finde \u0130smet Pa\u015fa, bu \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n \u0130ngiliz H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin y\u00f6nlendirmeleriyle hareket ettiklerini ve bu mektubu yay\u0131mlayanlar\u0131n H\u0131yanet-i Vataniye Kanunu’nun birinci maddesine g\u00f6re su\u00e7 i\u015flediklerini ileri s\u00fcrerek \u0130stanbul’da bir \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 teklif etti. Yap\u0131lan muhalefete ra\u011fmen 50 numaral\u0131 Meclis Karar\u0131 ile \u0130stanbul’da bir \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi kuruldu.<\/p>\n

  Mahkeme, 10 Aral\u0131k 1923 tarihinde bir beyanname yay\u0131mlayarak Cumhuriyet’in mevcudiyetine ve esasat\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 hareket ve te\u015febb\u00fcse c\u00fcr’et edenleri \u015fiddetle cezaland\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Mahkeme ilk i\u015f olarak A\u011fa Han ile Emir Ali’nin mektubunu yay\u0131mlayan gazetecilerle ilgili yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Mahkemenin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer \u00f6nemli yarg\u0131lamalardan biri \u0130stanbul Baro Reisi L\u00fctfi Fikri Bey’in yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 bir di\u011feri ise Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Mustafa Kemal’e ve Cumhuriyet’e suikast davas\u0131. 30 Ocak 1924 tarihinde suikast davas\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131ndan sonra 5 \u015eubat 1924 tarihinde mahkemenin g\u00f6revine son verildi. \u0130stanbul \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi 10 Aral\u0131k 1923 ile 5 \u015eubat 1924 tarihleri aras\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k iki ay s\u00fcre ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

  Saltanat ve hilafetin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, Cumhuriyet’in kurulmas\u0131 gibi hadiseler Meclis’te ciddi bir muhalefetin olu\u015fmas\u0131na sebep oldu. Meclis’te muhalefetin ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n derinle\u015fti\u011fi b\u00f6yle bir d\u00f6nemde 13 \u015eubat 1925 tarihinde \u015eeyh Said olay\u0131 meydana geldi. Olay\u0131 bir kar\u015f\u0131 devrim olarak alg\u0131layan \u0130smet Pa\u015fa ve Cumhuriyet Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kendisine yak\u0131n olan bir grup, Ba\u015fvekil Ali Fethi Bey’i pasif kalmakla su\u00e7layarak, sert bir muhalefete ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

  Ankara ve \u015eark \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli davalara bakt\u0131<\/p>\n

  4 Mart 1925’te Ali Fethi Bey Ba\u015fvekillikten istifa etti ve yerine \u0130smet Pa\u015fa Ba\u015fvekilli\u011fe getirildi. \u0130smet Pa\u015fa Ba\u015fvekilli\u011fe getirildi\u011fi g\u00fcn 578 numaral\u0131 Takrir-i S\u00fckun Kanunu’nu \u00e7\u0131kararak Ankara ve ayaklanman\u0131n oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgede birer \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 teklif etti. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn kabul edilen 117 numaral\u0131 Meclis Karar\u0131 ile Ankara ve \u015eark \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri kuruldu. S\u00f6z konusu kararla \u015eark \u0130stiklal Mahkemesine verdi\u011fi idam kararlar\u0131n\u0131 uygulama yetkisi verilirken, Ankara \u0130stiklal Mahkemesinin verece\u011fi idam kararlar\u0131n\u0131n Meclis’in onay\u0131ndan sonra infaz edilmesi h\u00fckme ba\u011fland\u0131. Ancak 20 Nisan 1925 tarihinde, Meclis’in tatilde oldu\u011fu s\u00fcre boyunca Ankara \u0130stiklal Mahkemesine de verdi\u011fi idam kararlar\u0131n\u0131 uygulama yetkisi tan\u0131nd\u0131. \u015eark \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi yakla\u015f\u0131k iki y\u0131l s\u00fcren g\u00f6revi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli davaya bakt\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda mahkemelerin kurulmas\u0131na gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilen \u015eeyh Said ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n davas\u0131 geliyor.<\/p>\n

  Ankara \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta askerlikten firar edenleri yarg\u0131lamakla birlikte, daha sonra Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131 ile alakal\u0131 yarg\u0131lamalar da yapt\u0131. Mahkemede ayr\u0131ca bir\u00e7ok gazeteci rejime muhalefet etti\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle tutuklanarak yarg\u0131land\u0131. Ankara \u0130stiklal Mahkemesinin bakm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00f6nemli davalardan biri de milli m\u00fccadelenin \u00f6nde gelen isimlerinin yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130zmir Suikast\u0131 Davas\u0131. Bu davada Mustafa Kemal’e suikast giri\u015fiminde bulunduklar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle zanl\u0131lar ve tertiple alakas\u0131 oldu\u011fu iddia edilen, i\u00e7lerinde bir\u00e7ok pa\u015fan\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu ki\u015filerle ilgili yarg\u0131lamalar yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

  \u015eapka kanununun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131yla memleket genelinde h\u00fck\u00fcmete kar\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fan tepki ve protestolar \u00fczerine, Ankara \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi; bu hareketleri Cumhuriyet’e kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan ayaklanma te\u015febb\u00fcsleri \u015feklinde alg\u0131layarak Sivas, Tokat, Erzurum, Rize, Giresun ve Ankara’da gezici olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131 ve ayaklanma sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu olaylara m\u00fcdahil oldu.
  \nRejime muhalif olanlardan iktidara destek vermeyen gazetecilere, \u015fapka ink\u0131lab\u0131na muhalefet edenlerden \u0130zmir Suikast\u0131yla itham edilenlere, \u015eeyh Said’den \u0130skilipli At\u0131f Hoca’ya ve ittihat\u00e7\u0131lara kadar farkl\u0131 davalara bakan bu iki mahkeme, kararlar\u0131 ve g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc davalar\u0131 itibar\u0131yla \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri i\u00e7inde en merak edilenlerdendir.<\/p>\n

  Farkl\u0131 tarihlerde alt\u0131\u015far ayl\u0131k uzatmalarla yakla\u015f\u0131k iki y\u0131l g\u00f6rev yapan bu iki mahkeme, 7 Mart 1927 tarihinde Meclis’in ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar ile kapat\u0131ld\u0131. S\u00f6z konusu bu iki mahkemeden sonra 1949 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar herhangi bir \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi kurulmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Takrir-i S\u00fckun Kanunu 4 Mart 1929 tarihine kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kald\u0131. Son olarak 4 May\u0131s 1949 tarihinde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 5384 numaral\u0131 “\u0130stiklal Mehakimi Kanunu ile Tadillerinin Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun” ile \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri tamamen la\u011fvedildi.<\/p>\n

  Bu mahkemelerin \u00fcyeleri, milletvekilleri aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7ildi, \u00f6nce \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fi olmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, olas\u0131 durumlara kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6rde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131, bunlardan birinin reis olmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve yanlar\u0131na da bir savc\u0131 g\u00f6revlendirildi. Mahkemelerin kararlar\u0131 kesindi; itiraz ve temyiz hakk\u0131 yoktu.<\/p>\n

  al\u0131nt\u0131: sabah.com.tr<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali Bey, Antep kahraman\u0131d\u0131r. Oradan Ankara\u2019ya vekil olarak gelir ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar da Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn yan\u0131nda en g\u00fcvenilir ve sadakatli isim olur. Ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3198,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[34,5,46,33],"tags":[24,47,40],"pageviews":"2","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3197"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3197"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3197\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3198"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3197"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3197"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":6989,"date":"2019-01-06T09:42:56","date_gmt":"2019-01-06T06:42:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/?p=6989"},"modified":"2019-01-06T09:42:56","modified_gmt":"2019-01-06T06:42:56","slug":"cocuk-kahramanlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/cocuk-kahramanlar\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7OCUK KAHRAMANLAR"},"content":{"rendered":"

  \u00c7OCUK KAHRAMANLAR<\/h2>\n

  \u201cEdip (Somuno\u011flu) 7 ya\u015f\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fmana ve isyanc\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 verilen m\u00fccadelede yer ald\u0131. O y\u0131l 7 ya\u015f\u0131nda olan Edip Somuno\u011flu olarak Erzurum\u2019un 1955-1960 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda belediye ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve devletimizin 1965-1967 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda da Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revini y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc.\u201d<\/p>\n

  \u201c\u00c7ukuroval\u0131 14 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Osman\u2019\u0131n destanla\u015fan kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131ca taktire \u015fayand\u0131r. Frans\u0131zlara kar\u015f\u0131 verilen m\u00fccadele de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kahramanl\u0131k, Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n yenilgisine neden olmu\u015ftur.\u201d<\/p>\n

  \u201cAntep savunmas\u0131nda Kebap\u00e7\u0131 Said A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n o\u011flu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Mehmet,\u201d<\/p>\n

  \u201c\u015eahin Bey\u2019in o\u011flu Hayri!..\u201d<\/p>\n

  \u201c\u015eehit Yola\u011fas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n o\u011flu Mehmet Ali!..\u201d<\/p>\n

  \u201cAntep i\u015fgalinde Frans\u0131zlar askerleri taraf\u0131ndan annesinin ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc almaya kalkan Frans\u0131z askerini b\u0131\u00e7aklayan ve sonras\u0131nda Frans\u0131zlar taraf\u0131ndan hunharca \u015fehit olan \u015eehit Kamil\u2019i unutmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc!\u201d<\/p>\n

  \u201cArzuhalci Ali Efendi\u2019nin o\u011flu \u0130smail gibi 11-12 ya\u015flar\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00f6zverisi g\u00f6z ya\u015fart\u0131c\u0131 boyuttad\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

  \u201c12 Haziran 1920\u2019de Frans\u0131z ve Ermeniler\u2019den olu\u015fan bir grubun T\u00fcrklere y\u00f6nelik katliam\u0131nda, direni\u015f g\u00f6steren T\u00fcrk \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan 10 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Mehmet, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kur\u015fun ve s\u00fcng\u00fc yaralar\u0131na ra\u011fmen hayatta kalmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131, ancak bir baca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.\u201d<\/p>\n

  \u201cUrfa\u2019da 14 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Bozan, Frans\u0131zlar ka\u00e7arken Kuvay\u0131 Milliye \u00f6n\u00fcnde sava\u015fa kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu yavrunun kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren halk, Bozan i\u00e7in t\u00fcrk\u00fc bile yakt\u0131. Sebeke da\u011f\u0131ndan indim dereye At\u0131l\u0131yor bombalar, bilmem nereye T\u00fcrk \u00e7eteleri d\u00f6nmez geriye De y\u00fcr\u00fc! Y\u00fcr\u00fc Bozan yavrum y\u00fcr\u00fc! Vursun k\u0131rs\u0131n Frans\u0131zlar\u0131, aslan\u0131m y\u00fcr\u00fc…\u201d<\/p>\n

  \u201cMara\u015f savunmas\u0131nda, 14 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Sar\u0131ca k\u00f6yl\u00fc Ali, bu b\u00f6lgedeki T\u00fcrk askerine k\u0131lavuzluk g\u00f6revi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir seferinde de d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n yolunu kesmek i\u00e7in kendisine verilen k\u00f6pr\u00fc u\u00e7urma g\u00f6revini dillere destan bir ba\u015far\u0131yla yerine getirmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/p>\n

  \u201c10 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Osmaniyeli Pulcu Mehmet o\u011flu Niyazi (Akyan) da bir\u00e7ok yeri dola\u015fmak suretiyle milis kuvvetler aras\u0131ndaki bilgi al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fini sa\u011flayarak ad\u0131n\u0131 tarihe yazd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

  \u201c\u00c7ocuk askerlerden Mehmet ve \u0130smail\u2019in kahramanl\u0131k \u00f6yk\u00fcleri de yukar\u0131dakiler kadar \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r: 1920 y\u0131l\u0131 A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda Antep ku\u015fatmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bir g\u00fcnde, Heyet-i Merkeziye, \u015fehrin durumunu Mara\u015f yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Sam k\u00f6y\u00fcnde bulunan Kolordu Komutan\u0131 Miralay Selahaddin Adil Bey\u2019e yeti\u015ftiriyorlard\u0131. Mehmet, d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n 4 kur\u015funu ile gazi olmu\u015f, \u0130smail ise d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n 9 kur\u015funu ile \u015fehitlik mertebesine eri\u015fmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/p>\n

  \u201cBursa dolaylar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan savunmalarda; S\u00fcvari Subay\u0131 S\u00fcleyman Bey\u2019in o\u011flu \u0130neg\u00f6ll\u00fc K\u00e2mil idi. Gaziler aras\u0131nda ve babas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda omuz omuza d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fan 12 ya\u015f\u0131nda Feridun unutulmaz \u00e7ocuk kahramanlar\u0131m\u0131zdand\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

  \u201cTarsuslu Mehmet, Kuvay\u0131 Milliye\u2019ye yemek ta\u015f\u0131rken kur\u015fun ya\u011fmuruna tutulup a\u011f\u0131r yaralanm\u0131\u015f ve sol baca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesine ra\u011fmen m\u00fccadeleye devam etmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/p>\n

  \u201c\u015eekerci \u00d6kke\u015f: Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n Mara\u015f’\u0131 i\u015fgalinde cepheye ko\u015ftu\u011funda annesinin, “Hen\u00fcz k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcks\u00fcn, seni hemen vururlar o\u011flum\u201d dedi\u011finde. \u00d6kke\u015f, \u201cYa\u015f\u0131m k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ama iman\u0131m b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr anne. \u015eehit olacaksam, vatan ve millet u\u011frunda \u015fehit olaca\u011f\u0131m. Ben \u00f6lmeliyim ki d\u00fc\u015fman sizlere ili\u015fmesin,\u201d diyerek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir cesaret \u00f6rne\u011fi g\u00f6sterdi. 17 Aral\u0131k 1980’de \u00f6ld\u00fc.\u201d<\/p>\n

  \u201c\u00c7uhadar Ali: \u015eehrin d\u00fc\u015fman i\u015fgaline u\u011framas\u0131 ve S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc \u0130mam olay\u0131n\u0131n akabinde 2 T\u00fcrk’\u00fcn Ermeniler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi \u00fczerine onlar\u0131n intikam\u0131n\u0131 almak i\u00e7in yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, Mercimektepe civar\u0131nda yakalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 3 Ermeni \u00e7eteden ikisini \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcp birini yaralad\u0131. Hen\u00fcz 17 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u015fehit oldu.\u201d<\/p>\n

  \u201cBombac\u0131 Ahmet: Sava\u015f\u0131n en \u015fiddetli zamanlar\u0131nda kaledeki m\u00fccahitlere m\u00fchimmat ve erzak ta\u015f\u0131mak cesaretini g\u00f6sterir. Ayr\u0131ca Ermeni s\u0131\u011f\u0131naklar\u0131n\u0131n el yap\u0131m\u0131 bombalarla tahrip edilmesinde \u00fcst\u00fcn gayretleri olmu\u015ftur. 17 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u015fehit olmu\u015ftur.\u201d<\/p>\n

  \u201cEtlio\u011fu Ahmet Duran: Gen\u00e7 ve atik olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla en tehlikeli g\u00f6revlerde kendini en \u00f6ne att\u0131. Sava\u015f\u0131n ilk g\u00fcnlerinde d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n att\u0131\u011f\u0131 kur\u015fun ile topu\u011fundan vuruldu. Arkada\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan hastaneye kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Ankara’ya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131larak madalyas\u0131 bizzat Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcne tak\u0131ld\u0131. 1946’da vefat etti.\u201d<\/p>\n

  \u201cK\u0131sak\u00fcrekzade \u015eahap: Frans\u0131z i\u015fgal komutan\u0131n\u0131n emriyle T\u00fcrk bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kaleden indirilmesi \u00fczerine babas\u0131n\u0131n kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 beyannameyi ba\u015fta Ulu Cami olmak \u00fczere \u015fehrin b\u00fcy\u00fck camilerine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece daha 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken Bayrak olay\u0131n\u0131n kahramanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. 25 A\u011fustos 1985’de vefat etti.\u201d<\/p>\n

  \u201cSait Yal\u00e7\u0131n: M\u00fclaz\u0131mzade Sait daha 18 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti m\u00fcte\u015febbis heyetine dahil olur. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalara kat\u0131l\u0131r. Antep’ten gelen d\u00fc\u015fman yard\u0131m birliklerinin Mara\u015f’a ula\u015fmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterir. Mara\u015f kurtulduktan sonra da 250 ki\u015filik milis kuvvetiyle Antep savunmas\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131r. Sava\u015f kazan\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra TBMM taraf\u0131ndan \u0130stiklal Madalyas\u0131 ile onurland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

  \u201cF\u0131nd\u0131kl\u0131o\u011flu \u0130brahim: Frans\u0131z i\u015fgali sonras\u0131nda \u015fehir genelinde \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda mahalledeki \u00e7etelerin ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7avu\u015f olarak se\u00e7ilen babas\u0131n\u0131n emrinde \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara kat\u0131l\u0131r. Bir \u015farapnel par\u00e7as\u0131yla ba\u015f\u0131ndan yaralan\u0131r. Kan kayb\u0131ndan yolda 19 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u015fehit olur.”<\/p>\n

  Ve daha nicesi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  \u00c7OCUK KAHRAMANLAR \u201cEdip (Somuno\u011flu) 7 ya\u015f\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fmana ve isyanc\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 verilen m\u00fccadelede yer ald\u0131. O y\u0131l 7 ya\u015f\u0131nda olan Edip Somuno\u011flu olarak Erzurum\u2019un 1955-1960 y\u0131llar\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6715,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[33],"tags":[91,40],"pageviews":"2","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6989"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6989"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6989\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6715"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6989"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6989"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6989"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":1002,"date":"2018-09-28T02:08:02","date_gmt":"2018-09-27T23:08:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/?p=1002"},"modified":"2018-10-16T09:32:51","modified_gmt":"2018-10-16T06:32:51","slug":"erzurum-kongresi-ve-alinan-kararlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/erzurum-kongresi-ve-alinan-kararlar\/","title":{"rendered":"Erzurum Kongresi ve al\u0131nan kararlar"},"content":{"rendered":"

  Erzurum Kongresi ve al\u0131nan kararlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

  Erzurum Kongresi, b\u00f6lgesel m\u00fcdafaa cemiyetlerinin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla 21 Temmuz-7 A\u011fustos 1919 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Erzurum’da toplanan b\u00f6lgesel nitelikli bir kongredir. Erzurum Kongresi\u2019ne \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u0130tilaf devletleri taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f olan 5 do\u011fu ili Trabzon, Erzurum, Sivas, Bitlis ve Van’dan gelen 62 delege kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

  \u0130ki hafta s\u00fcren Erzurum Kongresi’nde al\u0131nan kararlar, T\u00fcrk milletinin kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesinde izlenen yolda \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde belirleyici olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

  Erzurum Kongresi’ni ge\u00e7ici ba\u015fkan olarak Erzurum delegelerinden olan Hoca Raif Efendi a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ve yoklaman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan oylamayla Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa kongrenin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

  \u0130tilaf Devletleri ve \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti kongrenin Erzurum\u2019da toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli giri\u015fimlerde bulunmu\u015flarsa da ama\u00e7lar\u0131na ula\u015famam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti art\u0131k Anadolu’da s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc dinletecek resmi bir g\u00f6revli bulamamaktad\u0131r. Bu da, \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile T\u00fcrk milletinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinin \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

  Erzurum Kongresi i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ba\u015flama tarihi asl\u0131nda 10 Temmuz\u2019du fakat delegelerin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn vaktinde gelememesinden dolay\u0131 kongre 23 Temmuz’a ertelenmi\u015ftir. Kongre, 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda Erzurum\u2019da bulunan Eski \u0130dadi Mektebi binas\u0131n\u0131n birinci kat\u0131ndaki bir salonda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

  Erzurum Kongresinde al\u0131nan kararlar \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/strong><\/p>\n

  Milli s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde vatan bir b\u00fct\u00fcnd\u00fcr, par\u00e7alanamaz.<\/p>\n

  Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yabanc\u0131 i\u015fgaline ve m\u00fcdahalesine kar\u015f\u0131 millet hep birlikte direni\u015f ve savunmaya ge\u00e7ecektir.<\/p>\n

  \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fbmeti vatan\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayamazsa ge\u00e7ici bir h\u00fck\u00fbmet kurulacakt\u0131r. Bu h\u00fck\u00fbmet milli kongre taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilecektir. Kongre toplanmam\u0131\u015f ise, bu se\u00e7imi Temsilciler Kurulu yapacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

  Kuva-yi Milliye’yi etkili, milli iradeyi h\u00e2kim k\u0131lmak esast\u0131r.<\/p>\n

  Az\u0131nl\u0131klara siyasi h\u00e2kimiyetimizi ve sosyal dengemizi bozacak ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar verilemez. Ancak bu vatanda\u015flar\u0131n canlar\u0131, mallar\u0131 ve \u0131rzlar\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sald\u0131r\u0131dan korunacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

  Manda ve himaye kabul olunamaz.<\/p>\n

  Milli irade ve toplanan ulusal g\u00fc\u00e7ler padi\u015fahl\u0131k ve halifelik makam\u0131n\u0131 kurtaracakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

  Mebuslar Meclisi’nin derhal toplanmas\u0131na ve h\u00fck\u00fbmetin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flerin millet\u00e7e kontrol\u00fcne \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

  S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mayan devletlerden teknik, sanayi ve ekonomik yard\u0131m kabul edilebilir.<\/p>\n

  Erzurum Kongresi’nin al\u0131nan kararlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok \u00f6zelli\u011fi bulunmaktad\u0131r fakat bunlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlilerinden biri manda ve himayenin kesin bir \u015fekilde reddedilerek ilk kez ulusal egemenli\u011fin ko\u015fulsuz olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesine karar verilmesi olmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca, Erzurum Kongresi\u2019nde ilk kez milli s\u0131n\u0131rlardan bahsedilmi\u015f ve Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda T\u00fcrk vatan\u0131 olan topraklar\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alanamayaca\u011f\u0131 net bir dille a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

  Erzurum Kongresi, toplanma \u015fekli bak\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00f6lgesel nitelikli bir kongre olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan milli bir kongredir. Bu bak\u0131mdan da Erzurum Kongresi, Sivas Kongresinin de bir \u00f6ne haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

  Kongrede \u0130lk defa bir ge\u00e7ici h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kurulaca\u011f\u0131ndan bahsedilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Mustafa Kemal’in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 dokuz ki\u015filik bir Temsil Heyeti olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. TBMM\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar g\u00f6revine devam eden Temsil Heyeti, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet gibi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

  Erzurum Kongresinin bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemi de Bat\u0131 Anadolu’da Yunan kuvvetlerine kar\u015f\u0131 zor bir m\u00fccadele i\u00e7inde olan Kuva-yi Milliye\u2019ye b\u00fcy\u00fck moral vermesi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Erzurum Kongresi ve al\u0131nan kararlar Erzurum Kongresi, b\u00f6lgesel m\u00fcdafaa cemiyetlerinin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla 21 Temmuz-7 A\u011fustos 1919 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Erzurum’da toplanan b\u00f6lgesel nitelikli bir kongredir. Erzurum Kongresi\u2019ne…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1003,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[73,33],"tags":[44],"pageviews":"2","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1002"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1002"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1002\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1003"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1002"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1002"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1002"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":1093,"date":"2018-09-23T08:55:49","date_gmt":"2018-09-23T05:55:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/?p=1093"},"modified":"2018-12-06T10:25:00","modified_gmt":"2018-12-06T07:25:00","slug":"makaleler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/makaleler\/","title":{"rendered":"MAKALELER"},"content":{"rendered":"

  <\/p>\n

  • 10 KASIM 1948 LONDRA’DA B\u0130R ANMA KONU\u015eMASI<\/a><\/li>
  • 29 EK\u0130M GELECE\u011e\u0130M\u0130ZD\u0130R<\/a><\/li>
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    Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn \u0130slam Tarihi Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 PROF. DR. SABR\u0130 H\u0130ZMETL\u0130 1-TAR\u0130H ANLAYI\u015eI Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn (1881-1938) tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, devrindeki d\u00fcnya tarih\u00e7ilik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile Osmanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7ili\u011finin etkileri oldu\u011fu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[45],"pageviews":"2","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1093"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1093"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1093\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1093"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1093"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1093"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":3560,"date":"2018-10-18T19:32:50","date_gmt":"2018-10-18T16:32:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/?p=3560"},"modified":"2018-10-18T19:32:50","modified_gmt":"2018-10-18T16:32:50","slug":"ataturk-cocuk-sarkilari-soz-ve-muzikleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/ataturkicimizde.com\/ataturk-cocuk-sarkilari-soz-ve-muzikleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Atat\u00fcrk \u00c7ocuk \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 s\u00f6z ve m\u00fczikleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

    Atat\u00fcrk \u00c7ocuk \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 s\u00f6z ve m\u00fczikleri<\/h2>\n

    Atat\u00fcrk can\u0131mdas\u0131n<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Yurduma inen nursun
    \nY\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6tesinden
    \nUmut verdin sen Atam
    \n\u0130nan\u00e7 veren sesinden<\/p>\n

    Atat\u00fcrk Atat\u00fcrk yan\u0131mdas\u0131n
    \nHer zaman can\u0131mdas\u0131n<\/p>\n

    Senden bana arma\u011fan
    \nBir cennet vatan\u0131m var
    \nGururla ya\u015f\u0131yorum
    \n\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve uygar<\/p>\n

    Atat\u00fcrk Atat\u00fcrk yan\u0131mdas\u0131n
    \nHer zaman can\u0131mdas\u0131n<\/p>\n

    Bir y\u00fcce tutkusun sen
    \nKalbim sevginle dolu
    \nOnurla y\u00fcr\u00fcyorum
    \nA\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n uygar yolu<\/p>\n

    Atat\u00fcrk Atat\u00fcrk yan\u0131mdas\u0131n
    \nHer zaman can\u0131mdas\u0131n<\/p>\n